Database normalization is a database design process used to organize data storage methods in relational databases and to maintain data integrity. This process aims to optimize data by reducing redundant data, preserving data integrity, and facilitating more effective querying of the database. Database normalization is usually accomplished by applying a series of normal forms. Starting from the first normal form (1NF), it continues to higher normal forms (2NF, 3NF, BCNF, etc.). Each normal form expresses a certain data arrangement and dependency relationship. These normal forms aim to prevent data from being redundant, divide data, and eliminate unnecessary dependencies between relationships. As a result, database design becomes more efficient, maintenance becomes easier, and query operations become faster.
