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Python Cheat Sheets
This Python cheat sheet tries to provide basic reference for beginner and advanced developers.
Getting Started
// Hello World
// Basic Commands
// Getting Started Resources
Data Types
// Primitive Data Types
// Type Checking
print(type(3.14)) # <class "float">
print(isinstance("a", str)) # True// Type Checking Resources
// Type Conversion Functions
// Type Conversion Resources
// Type Conversion Examples
int("5") # 5
float("3.14") # 3.14
str(5) # "5"
list("abc") # ["a","b","c"]List Comprehensions
// Simple List Comprehension
[x*x for x in range(5)] # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]// Conditional List Comprehension
[x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0] # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]// Nested List Comprehension
matrix = [[1,2],[3,4]]
flattened = [num for row in matrix for num in row] # [1,2,3,4]// List Comprehension Resources
Control Flow
// if-elif-else
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("Greater")
elif x == 5:
print("Equal")
else:
print("Smaller")// for Loop
for i in range(3):
print(i)
for i in [1,2,3]:
print(i)// while Loop
i = 0
while i < 3:
print(i)
i += 1// Loop Control Keywords
// Loop Control Resources
Functions
// Function Definition
def add(a, b):
return a + b// Default Arguments
def greet(name="World"):
print(f"Hello, {name}")// *args and **kwargs
def func(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)// Function Attributes
// Function Resources
Lambda, map, filter, reduce
// Lambda Function
square = lambda x: x * x
print(square(5)) # 25// map()
nums = [1, 2, 3]
squares = list(map(lambda x: x*x, nums))// filter()
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))// reduce()
from functools import reduce
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, nums)Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
// Class Definition
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand):
self.brand = brand
def start(self):
print(f"{self.brand} is starting")// OOP Terms
// Inheritance
class Animal:
def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
print("Woof!")// Classmethod & Staticmethod
class Example:
@staticmethod
def static():
print("Static method")
@classmethod
def cls(cls):
print("Class method")Decorators
// Simple Decorator
def my_decorator(func):
def wrapper():
print("Before")
func()
print("After")
return wrapper// Using @decorator
@my_decorator
def greet():
print("Hello!")Generators & Iterators
// Generator Function
def counter():
for i in range(3):
yield i// Generator Features
// Iterator Protocol
it = iter([1,2,3])
print(next(it)) # 1// Generator Resources
// Generator Example
def counter():
for i in range(3):
yield iError Handling
// try-except
try:
x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print("Error:", e)// finally and else
try:
x = 1
except:
pass
else:
print("No error!")
finally:
print("Always runs")// Error Handling Resources
// Common Exceptions
File I/O
// Reading a File
with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()// Writing to a File
with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello!")// Reading Line by Line
with open("file.txt") as f:
for line in f:
print(line.strip())// File I/O Resources
Modules & Packages
// Importing Modules
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))// Modules Resources
// Importing Modules
import random
print(random.randint(1, 100))// Common Modules
// Modules Resources
Virtualenv & pip
// pip Commands
// Create Virtual Environment
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate// Packaging & Environment Tools
Testing
// Simple Test (unittest)
import unittest
class TestAdd(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add(self):
self.assertEqual(add(2, 3), 5)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()// Testing Resources
Type Hints & Typing
// Type Hints
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a + b// Common Typing Types
// Typing Resources
Dataclasses
// Basic Dataclass
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Point:
x: int
y: int// Dataclasses Resources
Pathlib
// Using Pathlib
from pathlib import Path
p = Path("file.txt")
print(p.exists())// Pathlib Resources
Logging
// Basic Logging
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logging.info("This is an info message")// Logging Resources
Argparse
// Basic Argparse
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--foo")
args = parser.parse_args()// Argparse Resources
Asyncio
// Basic Async Function
import asyncio
async def main():
print("Hello")
await asyncio.sleep(1)
print("World")
asyncio.run(main())// Asyncio Resources
Context Managers
// with Statement
with open("file.txt") as f:
data = f.read()// Context Managers Resources
// Custom Context Manager
from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def my_cm():
print("Enter")
yield
print("Exit")
with my_cm():
print("Inside")// With Statement Resources
Built-in Functions
// Common Built-ins
Popular Libraries
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